白帽駭客工具實作03 - [基礎知識]Python版本演進、特點、撰寫風格及基礎語法

Python之父Guido van Rossum

Python’s Creator:Guido van Rossum

Python版本演進

Evolution of Python Versions

Python特點

Python撰寫風格PEP8

Python Coding Style: PEP8

在開始說明PEP8前，先說明一下什麼是PEP。PEP（Python Enhancement Proposal，Python 增強提案）用來規範與定義Python的各種強化、功能延伸等。PEP8為Python社群共通的開發風格準則，目的提供開發者寫出一致性的程式碼。很多開源的程式碼如Django等，也是以PEP8作為基準，再添加新風格來進行開發。 Before explaining PEP8, let’s first clarify what PEP is. PEP (Python Enhancement Proposal) is used to standardize and define various enhancements, feature extensions, and other aspects of Python. PEP8 is a common development style guide within the Python community, aimed at helping developers write consistent code. Many open-source projects, such as Django, use PEP8 as a base standard and then add their own styles for development.

• 命名規範：
• Naming Conventions:

• 縮排：使用4個空格。
• Indentation: Use 4 spaces.

def test_function():
    if True:
        print("Hello, edli_01!")

• 行長度：最大為80個字符後換行。

• Line Length: The maximum line length is 80 characters before wrapping.

• 匯入：

• Imports:

#錯誤版本 / Incorrect Version
import os, sys

#正確版本 / Correct Version
import os
import sys
from math import sqrt, pi

• 程式碼之編碼格式：UTF-8。

• Code encoding format: UTF-8.

• 空行：函式間應有2個空行。

• Blank lines: There should be 2 blank lines between functions.

def edli_01():
  pass
#空行01 / Blank line 01
#空行02 / Blank line 02
def edli_02():
  pass

• 單行文件字串：簡單的函式，可以使用單行文件字串。單行文件字串包含在一對三引號，於開始到結束的引號應在同一行內。
• Single-line docstring: Simple functions can use single-line docstrings. Single-line docstrings are enclosed within a pair of triple quotes, and both the opening and closing quotes should be on the same line.

def read_edli_01_message():
    """回傳「閱讀完畢」字串。""" 
    """Returns a string “Reading completed."""
    return finish

• 多行文件字串：較複雜的函式、類或模塊等，應使用多行文列字串。多行文件字串的第一行為簡短總結，第二行為空，第三行開始為參數等資訊，詳見下面範例。
• Multi-line docstring: More complex functions, classes, or modules should use multi-line docstrings. The first line of a multi-line docstring is a brief summary, followed by a blank line. Starting from the third line, additional information such as parameters is provided, as shown in the example below.

def read_edli_01_articles(want):
    """
    這是一個確認讀者是否想閱讀edli_01文章。
  
    參數：
        want (Boolean): 第一個布林值。

    回傳：
        Boolean: 回傳Ture or False。
    """
    """
    This is to confirm whether the reader wants to read the edli_01 article.
    Parameters:
        want (Boolean): The first boolean value.

    Returns:
        Boolean: Returns True or False.
    """
    return True

• 更詳細資訊請見PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code
• For more detailed information, please refer to PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code

Python基礎語法

Python官網-Python教學 Python official website - Python tutorial

參考資訊

維基百科-Python之父Guido van Rossum

維基百科-Python的歷史

PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code

Python官網-Python教學

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